Determinism of Human Behavior Essay - 1176 Words

Determinism of Human Behavior Have you ever wondered why we do the things we do? Why might we get physical when we are angry? Why might we cry when we’re in pain? Why? What motivates us to behave the way we do in the numerous different situations we get ourselves into? Although there are many different answers that people could give us, there are two theories in particular that are highly debated with each other. One argument is that behaviour is determined through free will, known as libertarianism. Free will, by definition, is the notion that we are free to make our own decisions and are thus in control of our behaviour. By this, however, it is not meant that you can behave in a way†¦show more content†¦Kant argues is that if there is no freewill, there cannot be morality. In other words, you can only be penalized for your actions if you are doing them out of your own free will and thus can be held responsible for them. So if someone kills someone else with a motive, that person is undoubtedly punished because of their having a choice to do otherwise. If someone with a mental illness kills someone else however, they may have not been able to do otherwise and therefore may not be held responsibility for their actions[2]. For Kant, it is moral freewill that is the most applicable in our lives today. On some level, the idea that everything we do is being controlled by forces is quite a depressing picture to accept, which is why the Humanistic approach in psychology has rejected this theory and instead also opts for the concept of libertarianism. Humanists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow believe that choice is implemented in people’s behaviour, and the notion that we have no free will in our behaviour is said to be ‘de-humanizing’. This is because humanists tend to look at it from the perspective of ‘Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs’, which centralizes around ‘self-actualization’. Overall, psychologists believing libertar ianism see behaviour as an act based on our character andShow MoreRelatedFree Will Vs. Determinism879 Words   |  4 PagesFree Will vs. Determinism What determines and influences human behavior? Humans have been looking the answer for this question during several eras, thus they developed various theories attempting to explain human behavior. Determinism is the belief that one event is the consequence of a previous action, similar to a chain. According to some philosophers who support determinism, the will of an agent follows physical laws, and every action is explicable and predictable by physical conditions. By thisRead MoreEnvironmental Determinism and Biological Determinism600 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Determinism and Biological Determinism can set restrictions on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism is the view that the environment can have a great impact on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism is known as the name Climatic Determinism or the name Geographical Determinism. Biological Determinism is the view that a person’s genetic material can set limits on a personâ€℠¢s behavior. Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are different because they limitRead MoreHuman Nature And Four Types Of Determinism1551 Words   |  7 PagesB00697247 GSTR 110 Human Nature and Four Types of Determinism By examining the works of Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Fredrick Hegel, B. F. Skinner, Charles Darwin, and David Eagleman, it becomes clear that humans are mainly influenced through social determinism, human evolution, and neurology, but evolutionary determinism has the most impact on human nature. Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Fredrick Hegel, B. F. Skinner, Charles Darwin, and David Eagleman were all men who were interested in what particularRead MoreEssay on Determinism and Free will1004 Words   |  5 PagesDeterminism and Free will Suppose that every event or action has a sufficient cause, which brings that event about. Today, in our scientific age, this sounds like a reasonable assumption. After all, can you imagine someone seriously claiming that when it rains, or when a plane crashes, or when a business succeeds, there might be no cause for it? Surely, human behavior is caused. It doesnt just happen for no reason at all. The types of human behavior for which people are held morally accountableRead MoreDeterminism, Hard And Soft887 Words   |  4 Pages Determinism: According to Sappington (1990) there are two types of determinism, hard and soft. He states that those who hold hard determinism say that human behavior is completely determined by outside factors and that ideas such a free will or moral responsibility are meaningless. Many famous psychologists take this approach such as Freud who believed that people’s behavior is controlled by unconscious factors and any conscious reasons given are simply the brain rationalizing actions to the superegoRead MoreJohn Chaffee s Philosophy Textbook1203 Words   |  5 Pagesconcepts; determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism, each with their strengths and weaknesses and we all have the freedom to choose which we believe in or whether or not we believe in any of their views. Beginning with determinism, the idea of determinism is that every event, including human actions, is brought about by previous events in accordance with universal casual laws that govern the world and that human freedom is just an illusion. At its most extreme form, â€Å"hard determinism†, believersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Philosophical Concepts Of Determinism And Free Will1711 Words   |  7 Pagespossible results arise from the courses of action. Determinism, on the other hand, is a philosophical concept that states that human actions are ultimately determined by causes that are external to their will. A section of philosophers hold on to this theory to imply that people have no free will and as a result can t be held morally responsible for their actions. This paper seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the philosophical concepts of determinism and free will by addressing the arguments madeRead MoreJohn Locke And John Chaffees Theory Of Philosophy1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthe universe work. From these different theories three examples of these ideas that stand out are determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism. Determinism, defined by John Chaffee, is â€Å"The view that every event, including human actions, is brought about by previous events in accordance with universal casual laws that govern the world† (2016, p. 159). The key concept of determinism is that human freedom is an illusion. Chaffee claims that many people believe that there is no genuine freedomRead MoreFree-Will and Determinism: Conflict and Choice Essay example1047 Words   |  5 Pagesmight be no cause for it? Surely, human behavior is caused. It doesnt just happen for any reason at all. The types of human behavior for which people are held morally accountable are usually said to be caused by the people who engaged in that behavior. People typically cause their own behavior by making choices; thus, this type of behavior might be thought to be caused by your own choice-makings. This freedom to make your own choices is free will.brbrDeterminism, a philosophical doctrine againstRead MoreBehaviorism To Teach Human Behaviors. Author’S Name. Institutional981 Words   |  4 Pages Behaviorism to Teach Human Behaviors Author’s Name Institutional Affiliation Abstract The paper discusses the various problems encountered while employing the concept of behaviorism to teach human behaviors. The concept of free will and its relation with behaviorism is deliberated and their differences are highlighted. Determinism and Reductionism concepts are linked with each other and their differences and relationship with behaviorism and free will is examined. Skinner’s views

The Battle Of Fort Sumter - 1373 Words

The battle at Fort Sumter why it occurred, what happen, and how did this battle affect the war itself. Why was it significant to the outcome of the war? Alanea Rainey History 121 Georgia Military College On March 5, 1861 the day after President Lincoln inauguration of the United States, The president received a message (Beringer, Why the South lost the Civil War). In attempt by the confederate government to settle differences with the union were sponged by Lincoln and the confederate felt it could no longer tolerate a foreign force in its territory (Goldfield, 2002). Lincoln ingeniously devised a plan that would case the Confederates to fire the first shot and hoped to inspire the states that had not yet seceded to unite in effort to restore the union (Goldfield, 2002). Major Robert Anderson, who commanded the United States forces at Charleston, made the decision to withdraw from the land and forts surrounding Charleston to the harbor fortress of Fort Sumter because of the dangerous situations (Davis, 1958). He commanded almost 100 troops and desperately needed reinforcements with supplies of both food and ammunition (Schweikart, 2004). When: On, March 4, 1861, Anderson reported to President Lincoln who was just inaugurated for help on supplies (Schweikart, 2004). On The next morning, the confederate opened fire on Fort Sumter because they were not allowed on United States soil (Schweikart, 2004). Fort Sumter is located in Charleston, South CarolinaShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Fort Sumter885 Words   |  4 PagesThe battle for Fort Sumter was the battle that started the American Civil War in 1861 when the first shot were fired that signal the beginning of the war. General Beauregard sent Major Anderson a message saying that he would fire in one hour if he didn’t surrender prior that day Adj. Gen. Of the Secretary of War Samuel Cooper, Anderson composed, (1) The progression I have taken was, as I would like to think, important to keep the emanation of blood. The following day he composed to Floyd sayingRead MoreThe Battle Of Fort Sumter1590 Words   |  7 Pages1861, Union troops had just taken refuge in Fort Sumter under the cover of darkness. They were out number out gunned and running out of time. The newly formed Confederate States of America (CSA) had now occupied the five other military installations within the Garrison. At 0430, the first shot of the American Civil War rang out and Fort Sumter was fast under the barrage that the surrounding garrison forts occupied by the confederate forces (sumter). Major Anderson was reluctant to return fireRead MoreThe Battle At Fort Sumter987 Words   |  4 PagesNatalie Lockman Professor Campbell English 112 The Battle at Fort Sumter Being raised in the south, there are somethings that life teaches a person; you always hold the door, acknowledge someone as they pass you by, and always say â€Å"ya’ll†. The southern culture is something that sites in its own niche of history and drags the past into the future. In A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, the reader gets a taste of the south and the way of southern living through an outside view of Emily Grierson’sRead MoreEssay on Battle of Fort Sumter1234 Words   |  5 PagesFort Sumter is located in Charleston, South Carolina. The fort is in Charlestons harbor. The fort was not even complete when war broke out. This was a big turning point for the United States of America. It separated the north from the south and in some cases it separated families. This war would impact how the United States saw slavery. It is the most deadly war that the United States has every seen in its history. It all began with the secession of South Carolina. After this an understandingRead More Battle of Fort Sumter Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fort Sumter is located in Charleston, South Carolina. The fort is in Charleston’s harbor. The fort was not even complete when war broke out. This was a big turning point for the United States of America. It separated the north from the south and in some cases it separated families. This war would impact how the United States saw slavery. It is the most deadly war that the United States has every seen in its history. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It all began withRead MoreThe Battle of Fort Sumter Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesthat fort will inaugurate a civil war greater than any the world has yet seen†¦you will lose us every friend at the North. You will wantonly strike a hornet’s nest which extends from mountains to ocean. Legions now quiet will swarm out and string us to death. It is unnecessary. It put us in the wrong. It is fatal. –Robert Toombs. (Boerner paragraph 2). The Civil War impacted the course of history forever. But it had to start somewhere and the Battle of Fort Sumter marked the start. The Battle of FortRead MoreNational Monument999 Words   |  4 PagesFort Sumter has to be one of the most historic national monuments in South Carolina. This fort has gone through a lot of history over the past years. I will inform you with some of the history behind this fort. The fort was appointed after the man called Thomas Sumter. He was conceived in 1734 and he past away in 1832. One of the main reasons why this fort is so famous is because its known as the first battlefield where gunshots started and it began the civil war. This fort had received an enormousRead MoreThe Civil War, Lasting From 1861-1865, Consisted Of Numerous1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War, lasting from 1861-1865, consisted of numerous bloody battles, military involvements and other historically significant events. There were over ten thousand events, fifty of them bei ng major.. These battles stretched across twenty-three states and caused over half a million casualties. America was divided between the confederates and union. One of these events started in Fort Sumter, South Carolina. The Confederate States of America were a chain of eleven southern states that separatedRead MoreThe American Civil War1624 Words   |  7 Pagesmost United States citizens. Battle of Fort Sumter is considered the first battle that initiated the Civil War between the Union and the Confederacy. The battle only lasted two days, but it took four months after the secession of Confederate states for someone to pull the first cannon lanyard and years for the United States to resolve. The union Soldiers at Fort Sumter were stranded on an island with walls, surrounded by Confederate artillery batteries. This was a battle that demonstrated the prideRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent locations, some of the major battles dur ing the civil war were, the battle of Fort Sumter, which is near Charleston, South Carolina. The battle of bull run which took place in, Prince William County, Virginia. The battle of Shiloh which took place in Hardin county, Tennessee. And the bloodiest battle of the civil war, was the battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Millions of soldiers fought in the civil war and died from different casualties during battle. On may 9th, 1865, came the end of the

Case Study Light In The Tunnel

Question: Economists point out (as your textbook does) that in every case, jobs that have been eliminated are soon replaced with new jobs, even better jobs. There are also lots of less attractive jobs created as well, but the effect has always been a net increase in economic activity and prosperity? Answer 1. The law is described by Gordon E. Moore, the co founder of Intel. The Moore law is not a type of theory or law; it is just a paper or research which is published in 1965 by Gordon E. Moore. In this paper the Gordon E. Moore was discuss some basic impact as well as effect of some IC or integrated circuits. They also describe that the small IC or integrated circuits are act like a human mind as well as faster than human mind, and they work faster. Therefore the artificial intelligence is work faster and smoother as well as they fulfill all the requirements of human being. The Gordon E. Moore was also said that the IC or integrated circuits are works according to user requirements, for that reason the IC or integrated circuits are design by base on requirements. 2. In present various types of technologies are works for various task, but in past these all works are operate or control by human being like data entry for companies, manufacturing department of any business model (Hussein Mohamed Adam. and Ford, 1997). But in now they all are operated by some system, which are design according to the business model wants. The systems are works or operate according to our wants but at first they all are design as well as done by human being. In the next 20- 30 years the artificial intelligence are works more than human being but they all are made and operate by human being. 3. According to the Ford, if US companies are didnt off shoring or outsourcing their projects or assignments, than the job vacancies are more in US. The people of US are more interact with the companies as well as if the outsourcing projects are design as well as solve by US employees than the unemployed words are erase in US as well as the economy of US are increasing day by day. 4. In future, some jobs are safe for ever like system design, system manufacturing, system testing and some other because these all works are cant manage as well as controlled by artificial intelligence. The artificial intelligences are work according to the human wants because they are made by the human requirements, which are design as well as manufacture by human being like coder, designer and others. As well as some time the system or artificial intelligences outcomes are with error, which are identifying by human and also solve by human. Therefore in future some jobs are safe. 5. According to the Fords the artificial technologies or artificial intelligences are make our future better. Artificial technologies or artificial intelligences are works for our better life and they all are made as well as design by human being. Therefore, the human beings more important that the artificial technologies and artificial intelligences. The humans are testing each and every error or part of the artificial technologies and artificial intelligences as well as solve according to the system or business model requirements, which is quite difficult to solve by machine or any other system (Staadt, 2007). In past the technologies was grow for our requirements but now a days these all technologies are parts of every human life. References Hussein Mohamed Adam., and Ford, R. (1997).Mending rips in the sky. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. Staadt, A. (2007).The light in the tunnel. Baltimore: PublishAmerica.

Thailand Political Culture Essays - Tai Peoples,

Thailand: Political Culture INTRODUCTION For us to be able to study political culture, it is imperative that we first learn how to define it. Political culture refers to the attitudes, beliefs and values, which underpin the operation of a particular political system. These were even seen as including the knowledge and skills about the political system, positive and negative emotional feelings towards it and the evaluative judgments about that system. Particular regional, ethnic or other groups within a political system which are referred to as subcultures have their own way of dealing with the political system that the political culture in one country can be united or may even be diverse. This has been given greater focus because of the fact that the influence of the individuals involved in this vary significantly due to geography, religion, ethnicity and even the economy. Studying political culture may help us understand of how a certain people react to certain political events and developments in certain societies and it may also help us be aware of the reasons for tension within a community and even in nations. This paper aims to study the particular political culture of Thailand and further examine the causes of how it came to be now. It also aims to examine how this particular kind of political culture has influenced the way that the government is run today and most of all, its effects on the other sectors and parts of the community. Wide research has been done to resolve this particular study. The resources include encyclopedias, books on the country, articles of newspapers and the Internet. There has also been interaction on the part of the researcher and people from the said country by means of the chat room. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The theory that would best serve the out puts of this paper would be the one on the relation of democracy and development. It is composed of two theses; one that says, Development causes democratization. This is backed up by many political theorists and will be discussed furthermore in the analysis as applied to the case of Thailand. The other one stresses, Development does not lead to democracy of even further democratization. It stated different reasons for this such as (1) statist economic development which says that the government of that certain country is involved or even controls the economic development of their country so, there is intervention on the part of the government in terms of the economy; (2) culture as a factor where the people in the government and the society accepts the thought of development in the economy and also the government but they do not apply it because they want to preserve the traditional cultures of the people; (3) racial and ethnic division; (4) external factors such as intervention from foreign countries and even the IMF or the World Bank and; (5) political factors. This thesis holds true for countries like Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia where we can see that they are economically developed but there is no democracy in the country because of two or more reasons stated abov e. THAILAND Prathet Thailand (Land of the Free) or Kingdom of Thailand is located in the Southeast Asia. Previously called Siam, it has a total land area of 198, 456 sq. miles (514, 000 sq. km.). Located in mainland Asia, it extends for about 985 miles (1, 585 km) from north to south and about 510 miles (821 km) from east to west. It is bordered on the north and west across the Salween River by Burma, on the north and east across the Mekong River by Laos, on the southeast by Cambodia and on the south across the Isthmus of Kra by Malaysia. LAND It is mainly divided into four regions: the Northern Mountains which is mainly full of forests of evergreen and teak trees; the Khorat Plateau which covers about 30% of its land area and is the most populated; the Central Plains which is the most fertile area and where the Thais plant their rice and lastly, the Southern Peninsula which is mostly covered by dense jungles, home to many animal species. Thailand boasts of its being the only nation in Asia to have avoided colonial domination so it has managed to preserve its traditional society,

Are You a Loser Professor Ramos Blog

Are You a Loser Joining the track team was by far the most unpredictable thing I have ever done. I was about 15 years old in the 10th grade and I wasnt planning on doing any sports in high school, but one day after school I was walking passed the track and I seen how competitive and how much fun the track team was having while they were practicing. As i was walking passed the track my friend rushed to me with a big smile on her face, excited about being on the track team. It had grabbed my attention completely after that, I knew I had to give it a chance. I was so anxious to join the track team, the next day I decided to go to the athletic directors office to get information about the track team. I walked into his office and we spoke for almost an hour! I started by telling him I felt nervous, because I didn’t know much about the sport. Finally, after that talk the athletic director had convinced me to get out my comfort zone and give this sport a try. So later on that day, after school I headed down to the track field for practice and I was already feeling anxious and out of place. I remember wearing my black old school vans with green basketball shorts and a white tank top, while everyone else was wearing tights and their track shoes. Being the only one who was unprepared for practice made me feel like I was already off to a bad start. I just tried to have a positive mindset, so I thought to myself â€Å"at least I know what to wear for next practice†. As practices went by I felt as if i wasn’t improving at all, I remember the coaches criticising me on everything I did. One day the criticism had got to me and I had enough , I thought they were always picking on me. After practice I talked to one of the coaches named coach tracy, he looked like he was in his mid 40’s and he always wore a sombrero he looked like a wise man, I talked to him about not being interested on being on the team anymore. Since there wasnt much time to talk about why I didn’t want to be on the team he asked me to speak with him in his office the next day about it and so I agreed to speak with him. I walked into his office the next day, it smelled like sweaty people in locker room it smelled like and athletes office i guess you can say. I remember walking in and seeing the look on his face changed, he became very serious but also had a face of hope, maybe hope that I would change my mind? I wasn’t too sure what to expect. I walked towards him and sat in the seat that was in front of his desk. The first thing he asked me was â€Å"are you a loser?†, I was in complete shock, and I asked him â€Å"why would you say that?†, he answered saying, â€Å"only losers give up.† He started going on explaining they only criticize me, because they want me to improve in what i do, also that it’s so important to finish what you start, because in life we have to keep moving forward through all the failures and obstacles that life throws at you. This was an eye-opener for me, it made me realize all the things I could’ve accomplished if I never gave up on previous things i’ve been through in life. At that moment I told myself I was going to succeed in all that I do, even if the process is difficult. I continued to attend practice everyday and coach Tracy even offered extra practice days on the weekend, which I decided to attend as well. During all those extra practices coach Tracy took his time with he was very patient, he taught me how to run on my toes, take breaths while running, and he also taught me how to set up my starting blocks. One of the most things I had a difficult time with was starting off, I would pop straight up from the blocks and I did it over about 30 times that day, he did not let me give up, (which I am so thankful for now). Coach Tracy was very motivating, when i felt down about doing something wrong he’d remind me to not let it get to me and keep pushing through the failures. Throughout I started to notice that this sport not only has to do with skillful techniques but it has to do a lot with ha ving a positive mindset. Throughout the season practices I felt as if I didn’t accomplish much, but I kept telling myself I will succeed. Finally one day after a long and rough practice the coaches announced when our first track meet would be. We all gathered around the coaches in a circle as they announced the assigned runs. As he was calling out everyones names and what they were assigned to, I began to feel extremely anxious. I didn’t want to participate at all because I feared all of the possible things that can happen, I thought â€Å"what if people think I suck?’, or even worse, â€Å"what if I get myself disqualified? The entire team would be upset.† All these feelings made me overwhelmed, and then i remembered i need to stay positive to succeed, all the negativity isn’t going to do anything but bring me down. I remember that first track meet, it was about 100 degrees outside and asa team we were all wearing track pants and windbreakers, can you imagine how hot we were? Words cannot explain how hot it was, I felt like I was in a sauna. Eventually we changed into our shorts to warm up for our runs. As time went by and I knew that my call for my run was coming up, I knew i needed to talk to coach Tracy to restore myself, because those feelings of anxiety started to come back. It was like he read my mind, because he came up to me and began to say that it’s my time to show everyone how confident i’ve got and and much improvement i’ve made. When he told me this, I made me feel better, because it’s the truth i’ve worked hard for this and now I get to put the work in action. Next thing you know I heard â€Å"200 meter sprint runners come up!†, my heart dropped, it’s like all the emotions of anxiety came back. I had butterflies as I walked up to the starting blocks, I got into position and â€Å"bang!† the starting gun went off, I ran with all my force and I kept going. When I heard the starting gun go off, I ran with all my force and I was third place I almost let it get to me while running but I didn’t I pushed myself to run faster and keep going and before you knew I was in first place. I seen coach Tracy waiting at the end of the finish line yelling â€Å"finish strong!† It gave me so much motivation knowing that he was there for me when I was terrible and he stood at the finish line when I was winning. The finish of the race was the absolute best feeling. The feeling of accomplishment is one of the best feelings, its indescribable how proud you can make yourself, especially with the support from those who want to see you succeed. All the hard work i’ve put in that season of practice had really paid off. I never knew how much a difference it can be to keep practicing after so many failures, I co uldn’t believe I had almost gave up that season. I knew that remaining positive and keep moving through all the failures will make you accomplish more things in life. That whole track season has made an impact on me all around. It has taught me to not give up on myself in anything, and by the end of the season I was more confident than I have ever been. This sport has showed me that it’s okay make mistakes even after so many failures. Acceptance is key to success, in life we need to learn to accept the failures and hardships we go through in order to grow and become better, and thats what track has helped me learn. Not everything comes easy it takes time and patience to grow. Now that I had that experience with track, it has honestly helped me view things differently in an optimistic way. There are many aspects in my life that track has influenced greatly. I couldn’t have done it without coach Tracy, he has made a big impact on me, he didn’t let me give up, and showed me how much more I can accomplish by being positive and pushing myself to continue to get better. Not only did I grow love for this sport but Track has helped me learn how to accept failure and continue to prosper more in my life for the future by having a positive mindset.

Industrial Revolution Essays

Industrial Revolution Essays Industrial Revolution Essay Industrial Revolution Essay The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human history, as it gave rise to industrialization and the switch from manpower to machine power. It completely revolutionized the world and forever changed the course of humanity. However, many scholars and historians believe that the Industrial Revolutions benefits didnt outweigh the negative impacts it brought upon the world. I for one believe that the benefits brought upon by the Industrial Revolution Justify the negative impacts it had on the world. Without the Industrial Revolution, the world as we know it wouldnt exist. The Industrial Revolution brought about immense economic benefits not only for Great Britain but for all the countries in the world who commenced the process of ndustrialization. It led to a rapid increase in technology, which affected production rates. Since factories were creating goods with machines and little human assistance, everything was being mass produced. Machines made it possible to produce a greater quantity of goods at a faster rate so to satisfy the rules of supply and demand, the prices of goods dropped and many people were able to afford to spend money. Throughout history many have said that imperialism was a bad consequence of the Industrial Revolution, but I believe it happened to boost economic benefits. The impact of this change on society was enormous. The first Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The period of time covered by the Industrial Revolution varies with different historians. Eric Hobsbawm held that it broke out in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830. The Industrial Revolution that occurred in the 19th century was of great importance to the economic future of the United States. Three industrial developments led the way to industrialization in America. Transportation was expanded, electricity was harnessed, and improvements were made to industrial processes. The major difference was the very definition of rural and urban; rural life was based around farming and agriculture while urban was based in cities/towns. Another important difference was that life was much cleaner in the rural areas and rural people actually had a longer ife expectancy than urban ones; the cards later switched once the revolution focused on sanitizing. In urban areas, there are more resources given to the public. Where in rural areas, most people have to go into town to get their resources. Unless much quieter than urban areas because there arent as many people who live in them as people live in urban areas. Most rural slaves had to do hard farm labor, while urban slaves were usually domestics. Rural way of life disappeared mainly because there were more Jobs voluntarily available in the big cities thus, everyone was moving away to the cities. There were major developments and inventions in agriculture, manufacture, and travel that eventually spread throughout Europe and North America. Industry and manufacturing that was once all by hand could now be done by machine. It all started with the textile industry and spread to other products. Factories were built and steam powered machinery increased the manufacture. Enormous amounts of coal had to be burned to make enough steam to power the machines. Increased products meant that more goods needed to be transported, so canals were built, and roads and railways improved. Towards the middle of the 19th entury, steam-powered ships and railways meant progress got faster. Then later in the century, electricity and the development of the internal combustion engine increased the pace at which goods were manufactured and transported. There are plenty of reasons as to why people moved from rural areas to urban areas. Better Job opportunities and salary, and Jobs in rural areas usually require a lot of physical effort, whereas most Jobs in urban areas Just involve sitting behind a desk. People in urban areas are usually payed more than people in rural areas. Also, the luxuries of the urban world attract the people of rural areas. Most rural are agriculture based. An agriculturists needs are pretty simple. They revolve mostly around domestic needs only, whereas urban areas, everything revolves around technology that makes life easier. Large masses of people moving from rural to urban areas, causes an occurrence called, urbanization. Urbanization leads to overpopulation, pollution, and various other problems. Due to urbanization, the boundaries of the urban areas expand into the rural areas. This causes forced urbanization, as people who live in the rural areas are forced into the urban area and the ways of the urban people. Lastly, the standards of living and the standards of education are higher in urban areas. This may also be one of the reasons why people move from urban to rural areas. The effects of all this rapid change on society were enormous. More and more people left the land and went to towns and cities to work in factories. The growth of the towns couldnt keep up with the number of people pouring into them, and so housing was hard to get and people lived in slums in appalling circumstances. The differences between rural to urban life were significant, and we should be very appreciative of what we have now and the history behind it.

Important Characteristics of the Clinical Instructors in Radiology Research Paper

Important Characteristics of the Clinical Instructors in Radiology - Research Paper Example There have been numerous studies, carried out to examine the characteristics of clinical instructors in nursing and related health programs. These studies have much information that relates to radiography. The article is about behavioral characteristics that clinical instructors should adopt in radiography and which characteristics they should designate. The journal targets clinical instructors to enable them to improve their behavioral characteristics for better clinical experiences. The journal mostly focuses on the behavioral characteristics of clinical instructors, there are numerous challenges encountered in the clinical education. One of the problems is that each student may not be able to spend enough time with the clinical supervisor. This may originate from various causes one of them being that there may not be enough patients for students to gain experience. The importance of identifying these problems is in order not to be restricted into thinking that the clinical instruc tor solely bears the responsibility of student learning experience. The challenges, however, are minor with the clinical instructor playing the leading role in students learning experience. According to Jennett, clinical instructors have a significant effect on the success or failure of a student in the clinic. The instructors supervise, advice, coach and facilitate students in solving problems, decision-making, and critical thinking. They also have the responsibility of providing a learning environment conducive to their students.

Walden pond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Walden pond - Essay Example s concentration is on the benefits of early awakening and natural experience at the time when the rest of the inhabitants of the village were in deep slumber. Thoreau utilizes the metaphor of awakening to refer to the variances that exist in him and those in town (Thoreau 145). As the piece suggests, the awakening is evidently in symbolism in the day and yearly seasons. The largest consciousness occurs during the morning extending to the spring. Thoreau associations of his experiences to spiritual awakening are evident throughout the story (Thoreau 147). He defies the earlier notions of men in town that certain requirements of the body such as food and shelter are significant to one’s life. His arguments for defying the natural necessities, as were the notions of men relate to nature. He states that the sunrays in some environments are sufficient to provide the desired warmth (Thoreau 147). His notion of riches in men is they are responsible for the decay of man in terms of spirituality. In his daily tasks, Thoreau relates his experience of life to nature. He depicts the ability of man to live in the middle of the usual world when he utilizes a greater segment of his life in the forest. The flora and fauna provide sufficient support and acceptance (Thoreau

Summary of Kants categorical imperative Essay Example for Free

Summary of Kants categorical imperative Essay Immanuel Kants moral theory can be best explained by comparing it to a math equation. Kants moral system will always hold true no matter what the circumstance just like how two plus two will always equal four. According to Kant, our lives should be lived according to maxims that can be willed into universal law (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 303). However the action regarding a moral decision is not judged by the consequences of that action, rather by the motive of that action. Kants the method of moral reasoning starts off by first realizing the principle the rational agent is acting under. To fully understand what this means, a rational agent is to be defined as an entity who is capable of making rational decisions regardless of their natural inclinations. This condition excludes such examples as, animals, infants, and people in a coma from being considered to be a rational agent because they do not show the capacity to reason. After realizing the principle the person is acting under, determine if the reason is morally right. In order to determine if the maxim is ethical and able to be willed into universal law, it must pass three tests: autonomy, respect for humanity, and the kingdom of ends. Autonomy describes the feeling of accomplishment. This can be illustrated as a man who promises his wife that he will take off the weekend from golfing and file their tax reports. By keeping his promise to his wife he not only feels the satisfaction from finishing their tax report but also, more importantly feels good about following through with his promise. Autonomy is important because if the husband breaks his promises and lives his life as a promise breaker then this maxim is clearly self-defeating. The entire maxim of promising to break promises does not pass the test of autonomy therefore could never be passed as a universal law. However, if after passing the autonomy test, then a principle must also respect everyone elses autonomy. In order to respect humanity, make decisions that show an overall concern for rational agents. If by treating them as a rational agent, then the principle will not affect another persons ability rationalize. In order to do this, it is never acceptable to treat a rational being as merely a means (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 307). That is to say, the act of rape treats the rational agent as a means to sexual gratification. The act of rape does not respect the agent as a rational being and could never be willed into a moral universal law. However if a principle was able to pass the first two conditions, then it is necessary to subject it to the kingdom of ends test. The kingdom of ends is composed of a group of rational agents all with different objectives in life. The importance of having different objectives in life insures that all perspectives and backgrounds have been covered. These agents have been given the responsibility of creating a free society. A free society entails laws that every rational agent in that society would agree upon. If the principle is not a measure that the kingdom of ends would enact, then the principle, by Kants definition, is immoral. Let us analyze the principle of apathy. Living an apathetic life does indeed pass the test of autonomy and by showing indifference to other rational agents it also passes the test of humanity. However, apathy would not pass the kingdom of ends, as no rational being would accept such a maxim. As a result, an apathetic life could not be passed as universal law. As an example, we will refer back to the persecution of Jews during World War II. Say a man is hiding a Jew in his house and the Gestapo comes knocking on door. However, as the Gestapo questions the man of the whereabouts of the Jew, the man cannot lie and say that no one is hiding within his house, but at the same time, if he were to tell the truth he would be indirectly bringing harm upon himself and the Jew. The man should question the Gestapo about what they plan on doing to the Jew once they have located him. According to Kant, consequences have no relevance, although if all possible consequences were known, then it would be permissible to lightly take them into account. Since telling the truth by giving the Gestapo the whereabouts of the Jew would bring direct harm, it is permissible to lie. The maxim would be to never lie unless the truth results direct or indirect harm. This maxim respects autonomy and human nature and would be pass the kingdom of ends test and thus can be willed into universal moral law. Now take the case of Harry and Sally, according to Kantian moral reasoning, should Sally seduce Harry? If Sally were to seduce Harry by taking him back to her place and having sex with him, she would be using him as a means to her ends. By Sally using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends, that moral decision is breaking a fundamental Kantian principle. Using people as only a means is never acceptable. The difference between Sally seducing Harry into sex and Sally having consensual sex with Harry is the difference of deception and coercion. According to Mappes, deception and coercion are the methods for sexually using someone (Mappes, Sexual Morality, p. 166). The whole idea is based off the respect for an individual person to voluntarily make their own decisions. By deceiving someone, it is clearly misleading a person to make a decision that they would not have made, had it been on their own regard. However the objection can be made that Sally should do what ultimately brings her pleasure. Using Utilitarian morality, something that results in the greater pleasure, or avoidance of harm, of the populations involved is morally correct. Even though Harry is somewhat apprehensive of the whole casual sex idea, he is not defiant or strongly against it. It can even be reasoned that Harry might even enjoy himself once him and Sally are having sex. And also, casual sex is perfectly okay if there is no lying, deceiving, or exploiting (Elliston, In Defense of Promiscuity, p. 170). I believe Ellistons definition of deceiving is different that Kants definition. Kant covers all and any type of deception as immoral. Elliston agrees that deception is indeed immoral, but his definition of deception would be a man telling a woman he does not have herpes when indeed he does. As long as sex is consensual, there is no harm. Sally would only be seducing Harry back to her house under, say, the premise to watch a movie, however when the actual act of intercourse happens, Harry is not being deceived at all. Even with the arguments above, Sally would ultimately be using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends of sexual pleasure. By using Kantian morality, Sally should not pressure Harry to going home with her nor should she try to seduce him. Kant reasons that human beings have been given this gift of free will to act as the dividing line between humans and animals. Animals are considered animals because they lack the ability to rationalize. What then, is the ultimate value and purpose of having a free will? If the point of having a free will was to seek pleasure and avoid harm, then we are nothing more than animals and have wasted this ability to reason. Instead, humans have free will so they could follow moral law. Therefore, follow moral law even in situations where social laws or natural inclinations could conflict. By following Kants moral reasoning, what we do in our lives is right not only because we ourselves believe it to be right but also since we have willed it to become universal law, it could not possibly be wrong. The maxims that we base our lives on are intrinsically good because we are able to will it into universal law. Therefore, moral decisions made using Kants ideas can be applied universally. Kants ideas show respect for humanity and peoples decisions are not made for selfish pleasure seeking reasons by treating people as a means, but rather they are made based on universal morals and by treating everybody as an rational agent. By following Kants moral reasoning a rational agent will be able to make the right decision when faced with any type of moral dilemma.

Hemp - Miracle Plant :: essays research papers

Is there a single plant that could possibly save the world? Because of its vigor and adaptability, it was amongst the first plants to be cultivated by humans and has been used and grown by many cultures for thousands of years. Yet, today people are fined, even jailed for growing this plant because it is illegal. Lawmakers fail to see that this sole plant probably has more uses than any other material on earth.The entire plant can be utilized for over 25,000 applications. To begin, the seed is nature's perfect food. It can be ground into a meal or can be sprouted and used like other beans and seeds. In addition to the oil from the seeds have the highest percentage of essential fatty acids and the lowest percentage of saturated fats. It is also a complete source of protein and can be served as a meal in itself. Second, byproducts from the plant are an excellent source building material. It has 4 times the cellular fiber than trees, making it perfect for pressed board, particle board and concrete framework. It is longer lasting and more flexible than currently used materials. In comparison, trees take 20 years to mature while this plant only takes 4 months. Correspondingly, 1 acre of this plant produces as much as 4 acres of trees. Third, paper that is made from this plant is stronger, more water-resistant than wood pulp, is less likely to tear and is 7 times more recyclable than wood. It also uses a fraction of the dangerous chemicals used in processing wood pulp. Fiber is a fourth use. A cloth made from this plant is softer and warmer than cotton and is 6 times as strong. In addition to, the cloth is much more resistant to weathering and wear. Moving on to the fifth use, medically, a derivative of this plant has recently been proven to relieve nausea in AIDS and cancer therapy. It has been used with success in treating glaucoma, asthma, epilepsy, mood disorders, and arthritis. It increases appetite, promotes sleep and relaxation, and relieves stress and migraines. Most importantly, fossil fuels could stay in the ground. The plant produces far more and safer chemical compounds suitable for conversion to methane than any other plant. This renewable fuel contains no sulfur and while growing helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere via photosynthesis. For thousands of years, all good paints and varnishes were made from an oil from the plant.

Human Rights and Social Justice

Human Rights and Social Justice Integrated Paper Vicki MacWhinnie-Ilundain Fordham University Viewpoint and Concepts that Best Clarify the Dilemmas in Hugo’s Case Hugo’s story highlights the value conflicts that social workers face in every-day practice. The policies that dictate the funding, the scope of services, and the eligibility for the services that Hugo may need in order to actualize his basic human rights were developed within a system that continues to practice within the Rawlsian theory of social justice frame work. Therefore, these government policies tend to support the concept that people are only entitled to their â€Å"fair and due share† of services and/or access to resources if they are working to enhance the good of the over all society (Banerjee, 2005, p. 13). In Hugo’s case, there are psychological, cultural and physical factors that may impact his ability to maintain gainful employment. These individual aspects of Hugo’s life situation are not taken into consideration in determining how long he can receive supports, or what types of supports he receives. The state-funded financial benefits that Hugo requires in order to have his very, basic needs met; such as food, clothing and shelter, have a five-year limit. Because there is no consideration to human rights behind the 5-year limit, Hugo has unmet human rights. This creates a value conflict for Hugo’s social worker, who is working within a system that has Rawlsian infused policies; yet, is mandated by the National Social Work Code of Ethics to promote social justice in a manner that respects the unique strengths and dignity of the individual (NASW, 2008). You can read also  Justice System Position Paper The social worker working from a human rights-based perspective; where according to Ife (2008) â€Å"there is a obligation on every member of society to respect and support people’s rights†, will address Hugo’s unmet needs that stem from this 5-year limit policy as unfulfilled rights rather than assessing them as needs for which Hugo may or may not qualify to receive services (p. 113). Adding to the complexity and value conflict of the social worker’s role is the need for the social worker to partner with Hugo to identify not only his assets; but to also identify the barriers he faces. The social worker can develop a more in-depth understanding of Hugo’s barriers by exploring the levels of oppression Hugo experiences and his positionalty vis-a-vis all the systems and individuals he interacts with in society. Hugo is experiencing oppression at a structural level as a result of his position as an immigrant from Haiti who has experience trauma. Hugo has psychological and physical impairments as the result of past trauma, he is of an ethic background that is not part of the privileged class in the United States, and he was born outside the United States. These characteristics, which Hugo inherited through birth and via traumatic life experiences, tend to lead to discrimination in the United States. As a result of systematic discrimination, Hugo belongs to a subordinate group in the society and is oppressed by the dominant group. Mullaly (2010) explains that this â€Å"web of oppression †¦occurs for the most part because of the sanctioned ways that social institutions, laws, social policies, and social practices all work together to benefit the dominant group at the expense of subordinate groups† (p. 197). Challenges in Social Work Practice as a Result of a Paradigm Shift In this process of identifying assets and barriers, the social worker may face further value conflicts that impact their ability to empower Hugo to claim his human rights: The social worker has a moral and professional obligation to help Hugo advocate for his human rights. This will include supporting Hugo’s desire to participate in a lawsuit against the US government, who created the 5-year limit on public financial support. In Hugo’s circumstance, the legal mandate that limits the total amount of years he can access funding is impeding Hugo’s right to food, shelter, substance abuse treatment, psychological care, and safety. As an employee of a state funded program, the social worker is not allowed to ignore this mandate or seek to undermine it in any way. The social worker is faced with the challenge of partnering with Hugo to support his quest to actualize his human rights while working within a legal mandate that restricts Hugo’s access to the resources he requires in order to claim his human rights. The social worker is also challenged to reframe the way they conceptualize their interventions with Hugo. By choosing a rights-based approach, the ocial worker’s dialogue regarding Hugo’s rights will not only have a more global tone, but it will require the social worker to use additional skills to engage Hugo in a discussion that empowers Hugo to define his rights. Ife (2008) asserts that this type of social work practice has the potential to do more than just address an individual’s minimum needs but allows for social work to be transformative by building a society â€Å"hel d together by mutual respect for human rights of all citizens and based on notions of interdependence, mutual support and collective well-being† (p. 13). The challenge for the social worker is to elevate discussions and practice beyond working just with the individual case by engaging in dialogues and actions that â€Å"link their profession to economic, political and social aims of society as a whole† (Riechert, 2007, p. 31). The social worker faces many challenges when making a paradigm shift from a needs-based approach of social work to an elevated practice that focuses on human rights. The needs-based approach, where the provider identifies or diagnoses the â€Å"client’s† needs into narrow categories, and then provides a focused â€Å"intervention†, is deeply ingrained in the traditional models of practice. For example, the medical model is still widely accepted as best practice and is often used in social service programs and agencies. When taking the human rights approach, the social worker will reframe Hugo’s experience so that his rights are identified first, then used to re-conceptualize the needs that have to be met in order to actualize his rights. The social worker also faces the challenge of advocating for Hugo to receive services that support his right-based needs in systems with competing values. The rights-based approach conflicts with agency practices at a mezzo level, such as the use a medical treatment model that may not be culturally sensitive or focused on Hugo’s rights. The social worker may also experience conflicts of values on a macro level when advocating for funding for Hugo’s services. The state and/or federal government, who provide funding for the social services, may place a value on providing the least amount of services for minimum cost to tax payers rather than on Hugo’s unmet rights. On a micro level, the social worker may experience difficulties building rapport with Hugo because of their differences in gender, ethic background, power, education, and socio-economic status. Level’s and Dimensions of Hugo’s Well Being The Universal Declaration of Human Rights established global principles of human rights that set the precedence that all people have the right to an â€Å"a standard of living adequate for their health and well being; including food, clothing, housing, and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability†¦ or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control† (United Nations, 1994). Hugo’s social worker can discuss Hugo’s well being in a human rights framework by exploring the domains of wellbeing that impact Hugo’s daily life. The social worker and Hugo may need to establish a language to use as they talk about Hugo’s life experiences, if they are going to successfully switch from a needs-based paradigm to a rights-based paradigm. The social worker can use the seven domains of wellbeing to help deconstruct the needs-based thinking and language that has been the context for the â€Å"interventions† Hugo has received from social services in the past. Discussions using the domains of wellbeing may include: education, mental health, physical health, political and legal, cultural, and spiritual. After reaching the 5-year limit for public financial benefits, Hugo does not have access the resources required to provide food, shelter and clothing. Hugo’s metal and physical functioning has been impacted after experiencing a series of traumas, limiting Hugo’s access to education and employment. Hugo experiences multiple levels of oppression and discrimination which he may have internalized making it difficult for him â€Å"to recognize his abilities, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and make a contribution to his community† (World Health Organization, 1999). Hugo has experienced physical traumas that have impacted his physical capabilities. As an immigrant in the United States Hugo does not have fair or equal access to legal support or protection by laws. The discrimination that Hugo experiences also impacts Hugo’s ability to be seen as a valued member of the society his is living in. The social worker can support Hugo by exploring all aspects of Hugo’s well being so he can discover how to start to advocate for his rights that are encompassed by each of these life domains Plan of Engagement, Empowerment and Participation After further exploring various aspects of Hugo’s well being, that would also include Hugo’s assets or strengths, the social worker and Hugo may want to develop a plan of action to guide their work together. Hugo identified immediately that he wanted to access to the group who is collecting data for a lawsuit against the US government. Although it may be considered a conflict of interest for the agency that employs the social worker to be involved with the lawsuit against the state, the social worker can connect Hugo to the group so that he can work directly with them. The social worker could also met with her supervisor and/or agency director to discuss what networks or committees the agency attends in the community. Often these groups hold more power than a single social worker or agency and work directly with governmental agencies to make recommendations or to advocate for policy changes that best serve the interest in their communities. By using these approaches, the social worker is assessing her own positionality in her agency and community so that she can best support the requests of Hugo, without disrupting the relationship she has with her employer. The social worker can also start researching what resources are available in the community that can address the barriers that Hugo is experiencing while trying to claim all of his human rights. Once a comprehensive list of services and or resources is developed, the social worker and discuss each of these resources with Hugo to get his feedback about what he thinks might be useful to him. The social worker would provide information about the advantages and risks and/or disadvantages to using any of the resources so that Hugo could make an informed decision. If there is a resource that Hugo is interested in utilizing but does not quite meet the criteria or does not have the funds to access, the social worker can work with the agency and funding sources to see if there are alternative ways for him to access the resource. Even if Hugo does not get immediate access to the resource, the social worker has left a path of documentation and advocacy that can be used to work towards access to these types of resources in the future. Over time, the social worker can build a strong relationship built from trust and mutual respect with Hugo. In order to do that the social worker will need to understand how her positionality relates to Hugo’s and how that impacts Hugo interactions with the social worker and visa versa. It appears as though Hugo has used multiple community services in the past, yet he still has not actualized his rights. The social-worker can explore with Hugo what services were helpful to him in the past and what aspects of the services became barriers to him changing his over-all well being. If the social worker finds with the services in their community are; for example, not compatible with Hugo’s cultural beliefs, then the social worker can work in the community to advocate for changes how services are provided. Other agencies may be open to expanding how they provide services to include all members in their community. The social worker can accomplish these strategies by adopting the capability approach. Nussbaum (2007) describes the capability approach as â€Å"a species of a human rights approach. It makes clear, how- ever, that the pertinent goal is to make people able to function in a variety of areas of central importance. †(p. 21) By empowering Hugo to further develop his cognitive, physical and social skills, the social worker can provide opportunities for Hugo to attain his identified rights-based needs. The social worker encourages capability building by advocating that Hugo receive services that will build specific skills, not just treat a diagnosis. Over time, Hugo can learn to identify and articulate his rights, reframe them into needs and demand services that allow him to claim his rights. In doing so, Hugo will request services that have the components that he recognizes as necessary for his well-being. References Banerjee, M. M. (2005). Social Work, Rawlsian Social Justice, and Social Development. Social Development issues, 27(1), 7-24 Ife, J. (2008). Human Rights and Social Work Towards Rights-Based Practice (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Mullaly, B. (2010). Challenging Oppression and Confronting Privilege (2nd ed. ) New York, NY: Oxford University Press. NASW. (2008). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Work. Retrieved from http://www. socialworkers. org/pubs/code/code. asp Nussbaum, M. (2007). Human Rights and Human Capabilities. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 20(1) 21-24 Reichert, E. (2007). Challenges in Human Rights A Social Work Perspective. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. United Nations. (1994). Human rights and social work: A manual for schools of social work and social work profession. Geneva: United Nations Center for Human Rights. Retrieved from http://www. ohchr. org/Documents/Publications/training1en. pdf.

The success of A Tale of Two Cities

The art of historical fiction requires from its creator the scrupulosity of selection. This relates to the selection of theme, characters and their roles, pace of narration and time sequence supported by the language embodied into certain literary devices to make a story unique and popular through centuries. This requirement is perfectly achieved by Charles Dickens in his novel A Tale of Two Cities.The success of A Tale of Two Cities can be attributed to Dickens's artful setting of a touching human story against the background of the world-shaking events of the French Revolution, and to the themes related with these events. Among these themes, one of the most important is the theme of sacrifice, as the way to self-fulfillment.An accompanying are the themes of retribution and human loyalty – kind and sympathetic in the case of the Manettes, father and daughter, and Miss Pross; appalling though understandable in the case of Madame Defarge, who can never forget what the Evrà ©mo ndes did to her family. Another theme is the resemblances and parallels Dickens wants us to see between London and Paris. The two cities represent opposed mindsets that are personified by contrasting female characters.Dickens refers first to the London carts and coaches, in which â€Å"pale travellers set out continually on a violent passage into the other world† from the criminal court and prison of Old Bailey (Dickens, ii 2). Later, before he depicts the mob in Paris, he gives us a London crowd, which â€Å"in those times stopped at nothing, and was a monster much dreade† (Dickens, ii 14).Dickens’s most memorable characters tend to be the eccentrics, the droll fellows. In A Tale of Two Cities there are few of these: Miss Pross and Jerry Cruncher are the two most notable. As a contrast to them there is the pushing Stryver; he is not really entertaining.The rest of Dickens’s characters do not hold much of the reader's interest. Thus, Sydney Carton, Charle s Darnay, Lucie Manette, the good Doctor Manette, and Jarvis Lorry all seem relatively normal people, who in other circumstances would not be very interesting.The same might even be true of the Defarges, husband and wife. Had they not had a revolution to fight, their lives might have been routine, and not worth investigating. But in this novel, the driving force is an impersonal one. Its impact on character is felt most strongly when we consider the two principal antagonists: Sydney Carton and Madame Defarge.Sydney Carton is a case of a spoiled man who has somehow lost his nerve and his self-respect and bitterly knows it. He gets the chance to do a noble thing and, in doing it, redeems his wasted life. But, had there been no such opportunity, we must suspect that he would have gone on in his downward track, drinking more and enjoying it less, and at some point being cast off by the now affluent Stryver – the man who has used him to his own great benefit – when he needs him no longer.

Black Men and the Criminal Justice System

Black Men and the Criminal Justice System Is the criminal justice system hopelessly rigged against black men, leading to a disproportionate amount of them ending up in prison? This question surfaced repeatedly after July 13, 2013, when a Florida jury acquitted neighborhood watchman George Zimmerman of the murder of Trayvon Martin. Zimmerman shot Martin after trailing him around a gated community because he viewed the black teen, who wasn’t involved in any wrongdoing, as suspicious. Whether black men are victims, perpetrators or simply going about their day, civil rights activists say they don’t get a fair shake in the U.S. legal system. Black men, for example, are more likely to receive stiffer sentences for their crimes, including the death penalty, than others do. They  are imprisoned at six times the rate of white men, according to the Washington Post. Nearly  1 in 12 black men  age  25-54 are incarcerated, compared to 1 in 60 nonblack men, 1 in 200 black women and 1 in 500 nonblack women, the New York Times reported.   In a number of the nation’s biggest cities, black men are more likely to be treated as criminals and  stopped and frisked by police  without cause than any other group. The statistics below, compiled largely by ThinkProgress, further illuminate the experiences of African American men in the criminal justice system. Black Minors at Risk The discrepancies in the punishments black and white offenders receive can even be found among minors. According to the National Council on Crime And Deliquency, black youth referred to juvenile court are likelier to be incarcerated or wind up in adult court or prison than white youth. Blacks make up roughly 30 percent of juvenile arrests and referrals to juvenile court as well as 37 percent of incarcerated juveniles, 35 percent of juveniles sent to criminal court and 58 percent of juveniles sent to adult prisons. The term â€Å"school to prison pipeline† was created to illustrate how the criminal justice system paves a pathway to prison for blacks when African Americans are still very young. The Sentencing Project has found that black males born in 2001 have a 32 percent chance of being incarcerated at some point. In contrast, white males born that year have only a six percent chance of winding up in prison. Disparities Between Black and White Drug Users While blacks make up 13 percent of the U.S. population and 14 percent of monthly drug users, they comprise 34 percent of individuals arrested for drug offenses and more than half (53 percent) of individuals imprisoned for drug-related offenses, according to the American Bar Association. In other words, black drug users are four times more likely to end up in prison than white drug users. Differences in the way the criminal justice system treats black drug offenders and white drug offenders became especially clear when sentencing laws required crack-cocaine users to receive much stiffer penalties than powder-cocaine users. That’s because, at the height of its popularity, crack-cocaine was most popular among blacks in the inner city, while powder-cocaine was most popular among whites. In 2010, Congress passed the Fair Sentencing Act, which helped to erase some of the sentencing disparities related to cocaine. A Quarter of Young Black Men Report Police Mistreatment Gallup interviewed roughly 4,400 adults from June 13 to July 5, 2013, for its Minority Rights and Relations poll about police interactions and racial profiling. Gallup found that 24 percent of black men between the ages of 18 and 34 felt they had been mistreated by police during the past month. Meanwhile, 22 percent of blacks from ages 35 to 54 felt the same and 11 percent of black males older than age 55 agreed. These numbers are significant given that many people have absolutely no dealings with police in a month-long period. The fact that the young black men polled had contact with police and roughly a quarter felt the authorities had mistreated them during these encounters indicates that racial profiling remains a serious issue for African Americans. Race and the Death Penalty A number of studies have shown that race influences the likelihood a defendant will receive the death penalty. In Harris County, Texas, for example, the District Attorney’s Office was more than three times as likely to pursue the death penalty against black defendants than their white counterparts, according to an analysis released in 2013 by University of Maryland criminology professor Ray Paternoster. There is also bias regarding the race of victims in death penalty cases. While blacks and whites suffer from homicides at about the same rate, the New York Times reports, 80 percent of those executed murdered white people. Such statistics make it easy to understand why African Americans in particular feel that they are not treated fairly by the authorities or in the courts.

Cumplir Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Cumplir Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The Spanish verb cumplir means to fulfill or accomplish. It is a regular -ir verb, so it is conjugated using the same patterns as verbs like conseguir  and escribir. In this article you will find tables with cumplir conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, future), the subjunctive mood (present and past) and the imperative mood (commands). You will also find other verb forms, including the present and past participles. Using the Verb Cumplir The verb  cumplir  is used in several different contexts. It can mean to achieve or to accomplish, as in  Tengo que cumplir mis metas  (I have to achieve my goals). It can also mean to fulfill, as in  Espero que cumpla su promesa  (I hope he fulfills his promise) or  Ella siempre cumple su parte del trato  (She always fulfills her part of the deal). A very common use of the verb  cumplir  is to talk about birthdays. When we talk about turning a certain age or having a birthday in Spanish, we talk about  cumplir aà ±os, which essentially means to finish another year, or to fulfill another year. For example, we say  Este mes Ana cumple 10 aà ±os  (This month Ana is turning 10 years old). From this verb we derive the popular noun  cumpleaà ±os  (birthday). Cumplir Present Indicative Yo cumplo I fulfill Yo cumplo mis promesas. T cumples You fulfill T cumples tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumple You/he/she fulfills Ella cumple su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumplimos We fulfill Nosotros cumplimos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumpls You fulfill Vosotros cumpls vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplen You/they fulfill Ellos cumplen con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Preterite  Indicative There are two forms of the past tense in Spanish, the preterite and the imperfect. The preterit tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. Yo cumpl I fulfilled Yo cumpl mis promesas. T cumpliste You fulfilled T cumpliste tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumpli You/he/she fulfilled Ella cumpli su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumplimos We fulfilled Nosotros cumplimos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumplisteis You fulfilled Vosotros cumplisteis vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplieron You/they fulfilled Ellos cumplieron con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense is used to talk about ongoing or habitual actions in the past. It can be translated as was fulfilling or used to fulfill. Yo cumpla I used to fulfill Yo cumpla mis promesas. T cumplas You used to fulfill T cumplas tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumpla You/he/she used to fulfill Ella cumpla su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumplamos We used to fulfill Nosotros cumplamos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumplais You used to fulfill Vosotros cumplais vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplan You/they used to fulfill Ellos cumplan con sus obligaciones. Cumplir  Future  Indicative Yo cumplir I will fulfill Yo cumplir mis promesas. T cumplirs You will fulfill T cumplirs tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumplir You/he/she will fulfill Ella cumplir su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumpliremos We will fulfill Nosotros cumpliremos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumpliris You will fulfill Vosotros cumpliris vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplirn You/they will fulfill Ellos cumplirn con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Periphrastic Future  Indicative The periphrastic future is formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb  ir,  followed by the preposition  a,  and then the infinitive of the verb. Yo voy a cumplir I am going to fulfill Yo voy a cumplir mis promesas. T vas a cumplir You are going to fulfill T vas a cumplir tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella va a cumplir You/he/she is going to fulfill Ella va a cumplir su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros vamos a cumplir We are going to fulfill Nosotros vamos a cumplir las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros vais a cumplir You are going to fulfill Vosotros vais a cumplir vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a cumplir You/they are going to fulfill Ellos van a cumplir con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Conditional  Indicative Yo cumplira I would fulfill Yo cumplira mis promesas. T cumpliras You would fulfill T cumpliras tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumplira You/he/she would fulfill Ella cumplira su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumpliramos We would fulfill Nosotros cumpliramos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumplirais You would fulfill Vosotros cumplirais vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumpliran You/they would fulfill Ellos cumpliran con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Present Progressive/Gerund Form To form the present participle or gerund form of Spanish verbs, you must add the ending -ando  to  -ar verbs  or -iendo to  -er and -ir verbs. Since cumplir is an -ir  verb, the gerund is cumpliendo. One of the uses of the present participle is to form the present progressive. Present Progressive of  Cumplir  est cumpliendo   She is fulfilling  Ella est  cumpliendo su sueà ±o de ser doctora. Cumplir Past Participle To form the past participles of regular verbs, you must add the ending  -ado  to  -ar  verbs and -ido  to -er  and  -ir  verbs. One of the functions of the past participle is to  form compound tenses, such as the  present perfect  and the pluperfect.   Present Perfect of  Cumplir  ha cumplido   She has fulfilled  Ella  ha cumplido  su sueà ±o de ser doctora. Cumplir Present Subjunctive The conjugations for the present subjunctive are obtained by starting with the  yo  conjugation of the present tense (cumplo), dropping the o, and then adding the subjunctive endings.   Que yo cumpla That I fulfill Carlos espera que yo cumpla mis promesas. Que t cumplas That you fulfill Karina espera que t cumplas tus metas profesionales. Que usted/l/ella cumpla That you/he/she fulfill Daniel espera que ella cumpla su sueo de ser doctora. Que nosotros cumplamos That we fulfill Aurora espera que nosotros cumplamos las rdenes del jefe. Que vosotros cumplis That you fulfill Enrique espera que vosotros cumplis vuestros objetivos. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplan That you/they fulfill Patricia espera que ellos cumplan con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Imperfect  Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Depending on regional or stylistic differences, speakers may choose one or the other, but they are both correct. Option 1 Que yo cumpliera That I fulfilled Carlos esperaba que yo cumpliera mis promesas. Que t cumplieras That you fulfilled Karina esperaba que t cumplieras tus metas profesionales. Que usted/l/ella cumpliera That you/he/she fulfilled Daniel esperaba que ella cumpliera su sueo de ser doctora. Que nosotros cumpliramos That we fulfilled Aurora esperaba que nosotros cumpliramos las rdenes del jefe. Que vosotros cumplierais That you fulfilled Enrique esperaba que vosotros cumplierais vuestros objetivos. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplieran That you/they fulfilled Patricia esperaba que ellos cumplieran con sus obligaciones. Option 2 Que yo cumpliese That I fulfilled Carlos esperaba que yo cumpliese mis promesas. Que t cumplieses That you fulfilled Karina esperaba que t cumplieses tus metas profesionales. Que usted/l/ella cumpliese That you/he/she fulfilled Daniel esperaba que ella cumpliese su sueo de ser doctora. Que nosotros cumplisemos That we fulfilled Aurora esperaba que nosotros cumplisemos las rdenes del jefe. Que vosotros cumplieseis That you fulfilled Enrique esperaba que vosotros cumplieseis vuestros objetivos. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cumpliesen That you/they fulfilled Patricia esperaba que ellos cumpliesen con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Imperative   The imperative form is for giving direct orders or commands. Therefore, there are no imperative forms for  yo,  Ãƒ ©l/ella,  or  ellos/ellas.  Also, as shown in the tables below, the positive and negative commands are different for the  tà ºÃ‚  and  vosotros  forms. Positive commands T cumple Fulfill! Cumple tus metas profesionales! Usted cumpla Fulfill! Cumpla su sueo de ser doctora! Nosotros cumplamos Lets fulfill! Cumplamos las rdenes del jefe! Vosotros cumplid Fulfill! Cumplid vuestros objetivos! Ustedes cumplan Fulfill! Cumplan con sus obligaciones! Negative commands T no cumplas Dont fulfill! No cumplas tus metas profesionales! Usted no cumpla Dont fulfill! No cumpla su sueo de ser doctora! Nosotros no cumplamos Lets not fulfill! No cumplamos las rdenes del jefe! Vosotros no cumplis Dont fulfill! No cumplis vuestros objetivos! Ustedes no cumplan Dont fulfill! No cumplan con sus obligaciones!

VARK analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

VARK analysis paper - Essay Example It means that the student is able to recall images more than listening to class lectures alone. Aside from the use of proper gestures when teaching, the student learns well if the teacher uses pictures, posters, slides, and diagrams like flow charts or graphs throughout the class discussion (Vark Learn, 2012c). The student’s preferred learning strategy is totally different when compared to other learning styles. Instead of using pictures, posters, slides, and diagrams like flow charts or graphs, the use of aural learning strategy is more focused on receiving inputs out of hearing. In most cases, students who prefer the use of aural learning strategy learns best each time they attend classes, discussions, and tutorials, participating in group discussion, or using a tape recorder (Vark Learn, 2012d). In case the only available teaching and learning materials is a manuscript or notes, the student should read the text aloud so they can easily recall what they have read. Students who prefer the use of read/write learning strategy learns better when they read dictionaries, books, journals, notes, essays, and manuals. It is also possible for this group of learners to learn better each time they write down technical terms on a piece of paper or convert diagrams or charts into words (Vark Learn, 2012e). Unlike the use of visual, aural, and read/write, kinesthetic approach in learning is all about learning by doing (Gardner, Jewler, & Barefoot, 2008, p. 44). Basically, figure I shows the test results after completing the VARK Questionnaire entitled â€Å"How Do I Learn Best?† The fact that the VARK Questionnaire results show scores between 10 to 15 strongly suggest that as a learner, the student is very flexible. Regardless of the kind of teaching modality used in class, the VARK test strongly suggest that the student can easily cope with whatever teaching modality the teacher decides to use in class. The test results strongly suggest that the student

Programming Project in Java Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Will be provided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Will be provided - Essay Example The task planner is responsible in preparing a simple and accurate task that is easy to interpret. The plan should be clear and precise right from baseline. The objectives of the task should be proper and definite from the onset of the, it would be easier for the managers to note any area of the weakness. Any duty in one way or the other must have its challenges so of the project. In the baselines are clear, it would be easier to notice loopholes. Once the challenge is on board, the project manager can easily amend it to suit the diversity in the implementation environment. The baseline will always remain essential in any plan because, should there be any alterations, the entire life of the work would have hiccups. Although the plan should be elastic to accommodate the changes in the environment, a careful study is of necessity because any slight change on the plan would affect the result of the project. The changes on the course of the action of the plan may inflate of deflate the cost of performing the project, depending on the nature of

Only in America Essay Example for Free

Only in America Essay â€Å"Only in America† was written by Leiber, Stoller, Weill, and Mann (1963) as a song to propagate the American dream. After more than four decades of American dream to own a house, a car, and to have a good-paying job one can see that it is not enough any longer for many ‘new’ Americans. Hard work and determination perhaps were good enough tools to â€Å"take a giant step and reach right up and touch the stars†¦Ã¢â‚¬  four decades ago (that is if you were the right skin color) but not any longer. It does take a genius of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs to become wealthy using their own talents as leverage. Or it takes a sheer luck and some intuition to participate in real estate speculations at exactly the right time. Either, that precludes honest working folks who work their given hours a week and get enough to pay the bills. More (2003) compared such to a drug â€Å"first prescribed to us as children in the form of a fairy tale. † Certainly, it happens for some, for a very few. It does seem that those very few knew exactly what they were doing – either investing into the right stock, buying properties when they still cost in low 100s in California, or get on the tip of the wave of progress, like Bill Gates did. Well, for the few it worked but not for the majority of us. It is not difficult to figure out the reasons. A rational thought would suggest that American government is able to render every citizen rich – not necessarily with the money distribution but with the controlling the purchase power of an average citizen. If to eliminate the political agenda and change the status quo to people-centered market, it is not difficult to see that one carrying President of the country can do so by a) eliminating unnecessary government agencies and departments and b) removing political and financial limitations to the free enterprise. The latter action by itself can be very powerful for business owners not having a need to compensate for the high rents and other costs to run a business will keep their products of low cost. Everything, from energy to communication services, to the infrastructure will cost less, much less as the result. Any business owner understands that selling products by the quantity will bring more financial result than doing so by higher cost and selling by the lesser numbers. As the result, people, even those with meager incomes, will have more purchase power by being able to afford much more than they can do today. That would raise the daily comfort of people. They would become content for their minds would not be preoccupied with the sheer necessities needed by their families. Material things and services, like houses, cars, food, clothes, education needs, health needs should not cost so much of a fortune that people must get into the life-time debt to be able to afford it. If the necessities are met and people do not have a difficult time to find an appropriate for them job, the content should become widespread. As of now, most people live in fear, in fear of loosing their jobs, in fear not being able to pay the mortgage and the car notes, for fear not being able to meet their responsibility to their families. People who live by such fear cannot experience content. I once knew a family, good solid one. He was a teacher working in the same district for over a decade. She worked at the bank. They had a nice house, two cars, good-looking furniture, but could not save enough to pay their financial obligations sooner. They lived a nice life, but in debt. And then, the tragedy stroke. He lost the purpose, feeling stagnated he left to his home country that he came from originally. Looking for happiness, he left his wife and children. To avoid gossip and talk in their community, she moved to another state with 50K dollars that came from his retirement plan. Because she could not afford to continue paying for the house, the house was foreclosed. The same happened with one of the cars. Her credit was in ruin, and now she had to start anew. She was afraid to touch the money, whatever left from moving and initial expenses. After three months, she found a job at the bank. The income was just enough to cover rent and monthly bills. What did happen to such a strong family who used to have everything: each other, nice house, cars, two wonderful kids, and ability to buy things they wanted†¦? One could say they lived American Dream, but did they? Does material things constitute the Dream most people strive to in their lives? It is apparent to me, that people who do not have material comfort around them, whose life is difficult because they have to calculate whether they have enough money to purchase oranges or grapes but cannot afford both, they would think that the end to their means would be living like that couple lived. And yet, my friend, being a nice and decent man felt trapped and not content. Once people obtain the material means around them they soon realize that their American Dream was not fancy cars or bigger homes – it is the opportunity to do what their heart desires: self-expression in the least amount. That would not happen if he had an opportunity to change a job that he was doing for 26 years, or at least to take a year of sabbatical. That would not happen if they were not in debt paying $ 2500 for the house and $ 1000 a month for their two cars. That would not happen if financial obligations did not overload him conflicting with his inner desires. Here, I believe I came to the root of the question whether this great country can give a feeling of being at home. Obviously, having enough income is not enough. Eliminating the need to obtain debts to rise economically perhaps would do for some. To my opinion, however, the concept of American Dream was neither of that: it had nothing to do with the financial part of it. If one looks deeper perhaps it can be seen that the fulfillment of personal dreams through the structure’s support to each family’s happiness can render people happier, and if happy they feel the more at home they would consider the country they live in. When people have to struggle thinking about their family economics and knowing that they cannot change their occupations because the discontinuation of income would bring their family to the financial ruin, they cannot think of their personal development through the change of direction in their life. They grow more and more discontent and discontented people are bitter people, people who can at the brink of a move quit their country and go looking for the happiness elsewhere. In conclusion, more and more people understand that described is not enough to be happy in life, that doing the job for the only purpose to get the money to buy the house and a nice car causes stagnation, and as the result unhappiness and discontent. An opportunity that was promised as a part of all American dream is waning and harder to grasp. That is because people understand more and more that to be called Home, the society must offer something else: as in the promise to personal fulfillment – whatever it be. The idea of a home can be different from different perspectives. Certainly, living in a house with the backyard, driving a brand new car, and having a respectable income can make characteristics of a home for many people who had never had such before. Yet, for others these are not enough for they seek something else, perhaps certain characteristics of the society that increase the degree of their satisfaction from living this life. Yet for others the dream is to become wealthy just to discover (in case if they achieve it) that even that was an illusion. The idea of a home cannot be objectified for it is unique to the subjective perception of every person who lives within the society. References More, M. (2003). Dude, where’s my country? (publisher? ) Jay and the Americans (1963). Only in America. Song written by Leiber, J. , Stoller, M. , Weill, C. , and Mann, B.

Analysis of Genetic Defect that Prevents AIDS :: Biology Gene HIV

Introduction A number of recent studies show overwhelming evidence that there is a genetic factor which presents itself in the human host, and is critical to the ineffectivity of the In Vitro transmission of HIV-1. This genetic factor is an individual defective CKR-5 (also known as "CCR-5") allele containing a 32-base pair deletion in a region of the gene opposite to the second extracellular loop of the receptor. This defect faults the normal expression of the CKR-5 which is the co-receptor for the macrophagic tropic strains of HIV-1. Through a study of 1252 high-risk homosexual men in the Chicago area, indications were that no members of the HIV-infected caucasians were homozygous for the mutation, and the frequency of heterozygotes was 35% lower than in the general population. One percent of the people with Western European decent were found to be homozygous for the defect while about 20% were found to heterozygous. This shows that the 32-base pair deletion of the CKR-5 allele is a very importa nt factor in the HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis. The 32-base pair deletion and its implications is a new and exciting find in the rhelm of AIDS and HIV research. Every day new findings are being published dealing with the topic. As research progresses, is is possible that one day a genetic cure for this type of HIV infection will be found. Research These findings from experiments conducted in the initial research led to the discovery that HIV-1 needs the coreceptor missing in homozygous individuals to infect CD4+ cells. Finding: CKR-5 transcripts from EU Cells do not encode an active coreceptor. Tests were conducted on human embryonic kidney cells infected with CD4 and CKR-5 expression vectors. The vectors were then derived and rendered inactive instead of producing vectors that monitored the entry of the macrophagic-tropic virus form. Finding: EU CKR-5 RNA contains a 32-base coding sequence deletion. A nucleotide sequence of the EU2, EU3, and a normal donor were analyzed by a set of primers. The 32-base pair deletion was found in the EU2 and EU3 individuals. Finding: A defective CKR-5 is encoded in the genomic DNA and is inherited. The firsts tests conducted were aimed at determining if the deletion was inherited or a mutation. The presence of the CKR-5 allele indicated that the deletion was in the genomic DNA and that it was not sex-linked. Finding: The EU2 and EU3 individuals were homozygous for the CKR-5 deletion. The previous analysis suggested that the deletion was either homozygous or heterozygous.